The reign of Harsha (606–647 CE) represents a significant phase in the political, cultural, and intellectual history of early medieval India. Among the most valuable sources for understanding this period are the travel accounts of the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang), who visited India between 629 and 645 CE. His detailed observations provide a vivid account of the political administration, religious institutions, educational centers, social customs, economic conditions, and cultural interactions that characterized Harsha’s empire. This paper examines Hiuen Tsang’s travel narratives as an important historical source for analyzing the nature of cultural exchange between India and China during the seventh century. It explores how Buddhist pilgrimage, diplomatic contacts, scholarly interactions, and the movement of monks and merchants contributed to the transmission of religious ideas, philosophical traditions, art, architecture, and knowledge across Asia. The study also evaluates the historical reliability of Hiuen Tsang’s accounts by comparing them with contemporary literary sources, inscriptions, and archaeological evidence. While recognizing certain limitations arising from his Buddhist perspective, the paper argues that his writings remain indispensable for reconstructing the socio-cultural and political landscape of Harsha’s reign. Furthermore, the study highlights the broader significance of Indo-Chinese cultural relations in fostering mutual understanding, intellectual collaboration, and the dissemination of Buddhism across the Asian continent. By adopting a historical and analytical approach, the paper demonstrates that Hiuen Tsang’s travel accounts not only illuminate the achievements of Harsha’s empire but also reveal the enduring role of cultural exchange in shaping transregional connections during the early medieval period.