Nutritional health among women and children remains a major public health concern in India, particularly in socio-economically vulnerable and tribal-dominated regions. The present study analyses the spatial distribution of women’s nutritional status and anaemia prevalence among women and children in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand using district-level secondary data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019–2021. The study examines five major indicators: prevalence of low Body Mass Index (BMI <18.5 kg/m²) among women, prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), anaemia among children aged 6–59 months, anaemia among non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years, and total anaemia among women aged 15–49 years. The study identifies significant regional disparities across districts and highlights the coexistence of undernutrition, anaemia, and emerging obesity, reflecting the double burden of malnutrition. The findings reveal that central and northern districts of Chhattisgarh and northern Jharkhand demonstrate higher prevalence of undernutrition and anaemia, while urban-industrial districts increasingly exhibit overweight and obesity. In contrast, several tribal southern districts display comparatively better nutritional outcomes in selected indicators, possibly linked with traditional lifestyles and food systems. The paper argues that nutritional conditions are shaped by broader socio-economic, cultural, geographical, and developmental processes. The study emphasizes the need for geographically differentiated nutritional policies and region-specific interventions that integrate women’s health, dietary diversity, healthcare accessibility, and local food systems.