Attainment of education is essential for both living standards of the people and also in augmenting capabilities of the individuals. Earlier empirical researches confirm that advancement of educational attainment leads to a highly skilled and productive workforce, producing more efficiently a higher standard of goods and services, which in turn forms the basis for faster economic growth and improve standards of living (Schultz, 19611; Danison 19622; Romer, 19903). Understanding patterns of educational attainment among the population is a critical concern for our nation as we seek to make education access and attainment more equitable across our increasingly diverse community. The study highlights the trends, pattern, and differentials in levels of educational attainment of different social groups of the rural and urban areas separately. The study also examines the influence of caste factor on the levels of attainment of education of social groups in rural and urban areas. The study is based on secondary data. It has been found that there is a cumulative improvement in the percentage of the social groups’ population with different categories of educational attainment in both sectors over the period. Despite the improvement in the status of educational attainment of STs, SCs and OBCs, the difference between the scheduled population and non-scheduled population is noticeable. It can be concluded that if inequalities in access to education exist that will lead to socio-economic disparities in society.