Environmental accounting is very important issue. As economic development as well as environmental protection is equally important but contradictory issue therefore a careful assessment of the benefits and costs of environmental damages is necessary to find the tolerance limit of environmental degradation and the required level of development. For that there is need for proper framework which can provide guidelines on the issue of environmental cost, environmental liability, environmental assets, capitalization of such cost and liability and reporting framework. The present paper is an attempt to delineate the theoretical aspects and the developments in the environmental accounting.